EnerSys (ENS)

Analysis: Growth Rates Industry: Electrical Equipment & Parts Sector: Industrials Live Price: $168.15

Enterprise Value

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Stock Price
Avg YoY	2.76%	1.04%	9.70%	9.84%	16.67%
Slope	2.60%	2.29%	4.60%	5.29%	7.78%
CAGR	2.67%	0.21%	5.68%	6.14%	10.47%
LSR	2.67%	2.41%	4.78%	5.87%	10.34%
Market Capitalization
Avg YoY	2.53%	1.02%	9.82%	9.66%	16.49%
Slope	2.39%	2.25%	4.62%	5.39%	7.83%
CAGR	2.45%	0.19%	5.79%	6.12%	10.45%
LSR	2.45%	2.37%	4.82%	5.94%	10.35%
(-) Cash & Equivalents
Avg YoY	0.68%	-4.87%	2.37%	13.90%	49.93%
Slope	0.58%	-5.90%	-2.24%	5.50%	8.41%
CAGR	0.58%	-5.08%	-0.32%	10.21%	18.73%
LSR	0.58%	-5.56%	-1.97%	7.87%	15.69%
(+) Total Debt
Avg YoY	6.61%	9.09%	12.26%	18.19%	10.97%
Slope	3.08%	1.77%	7.62%	11.78%	9.04%
CAGR	2.88%	6.35%	8.88%	13.48%	6.74%
LSR	2.88%	1.77%	9.00%	16.08%	9.63%
Enterprise Value
Avg YoY	2.75%	2.42%	8.97%	9.30%	12.59%
Slope	2.70%	2.83%	6.11%	6.83%	8.06%
CAGR	2.71%	2.16%	7.24%	7.19%	8.93%
LSR	2.71%	2.87%	6.50%	7.66%	9.73%

Income Statement

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Revenue
Avg YoY	-1.21%	5.20%	5.25%	4.68%	6.28%
Slope	-1.25%	4.36%	5.46%	4.28%	4.58%
CAGR	-1.23%	4.98%	5.08%	4.46%	5.61%
LSR	-1.23%	4.64%	5.75%	4.34%	4.88%
Cost of Revenue
Avg YoY	-6.12%	3.56%	4.79%	4.07%	5.82%
Slope	-6.44%	2.20%	5.28%	4.04%	4.20%
CAGR	-6.17%	3.06%	4.46%	3.72%	4.96%
LSR	-6.17%	2.40%	5.63%	4.09%	4.44%
Gross Profit
Avg YoY	14.07%	10.41%	6.87%	6.77%	7.90%
Slope	12.98%	10.66%	5.98%	4.97%	5.73%
CAGR	14.03%	10.26%	6.65%	6.54%	7.49%
LSR	14.03%	11.09%	5.94%	5.03%	6.28%
Gross Margin
Avg YoY	15.59%	5.65%	1.87%	2.27%	2.07%
Slope	14.09%	6.22%	0.29%	0.71%	1.32%
CAGR	15.45%	5.02%	1.50%	2.00%	1.79%
LSR	15.45%	6.16%	0.18%	0.66%	1.34%
SG&A Expenses
Avg YoY	—	—	-19.92%	-20.86%	-10.67%
Slope	—	—	-35.37%	-12.38%	-6.14%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Operating Expenses
Avg YoY	5.90%	4.78%	7.27%	7.00%	6.63%
Slope	5.43%	5.15%	6.56%	6.23%	6.09%
CAGR	5.71%	4.68%	6.61%	6.52%	6.21%
LSR	5.71%	5.29%	7.12%	6.57%	6.42%
Operating Income (EBIT)
Avg YoY	29.24%	22.19%	10.83%	8.83%	13.08%
Slope	25.53%	21.15%	7.26%	4.01%	5.80%
CAGR	29.20%	21.06%	9.23%	6.85%	10.61%
LSR	29.20%	22.90%	6.34%	3.43%	6.56%
Operating Margin
Avg YoY	30.82%	17.09%	6.10%	4.57%	6.72%
Slope	26.55%	17.02%	1.06%	-0.57%	1.59%
CAGR	30.82%	15.31%	3.95%	2.29%	4.74%
LSR	30.82%	17.45%	0.56%	-0.87%	1.60%
Interest Income
Avg YoY	—	—	—	-100.00%	-100.00%
Slope	—	—	—	37.50%	13.53%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Interest Expense
Avg YoY	-6.88%	10.53%	11.89%	8.24%	7.24%
Slope	-7.86%	7.93%	10.21%	9.01%	2.80%
CAGR	-7.34%	7.39%	9.63%	6.19%	1.39%
LSR	-7.34%	8.87%	11.49%	9.41%	2.90%
Net Interest Income
Avg YoY	-6.88%	10.53%	11.89%	6.80%	8.07%
Slope	7.86%	-7.93%	-10.21%	-8.23%	-2.60%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Other Income / Expense
Avg YoY	-7.09%	12.54%	12.49%	8.64%	8.68%
Slope	7.82%	-8.82%	-10.28%	-8.10%	-3.85%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Unusual Items
Avg YoY	-7.09%	12.54%	12.49%	8.64%	8.68%
Slope	-7.82%	8.82%	10.28%	8.10%	3.85%
CAGR	-7.35%	6.57%	8.99%	4.06%	2.95%
LSR	-7.35%	10.01%	11.26%	8.26%	3.51%
EBT excl. Unusual
Avg YoY	90.95%	45.93%	19.79%	20.28%	-60.59%
Slope	56.95%	33.39%	4.63%	1.12%	7.15%
CAGR	88.84%	36.58%	9.47%	9.01%	—
LSR	88.84%	35.79%	2.42%	0.06%	—
Pre-Tax Income
Avg YoY	38.93%	25.30%	11.44%	10.43%	16.36%
Slope	32.32%	23.58%	6.67%	3.34%	5.93%
CAGR	38.93%	24.33%	9.34%	7.31%	12.31%
LSR	38.93%	25.37%	5.51%	2.72%	7.26%
Pre-Tax Margin
Avg YoY	40.70%	20.43%	6.94%	6.19%	9.63%
Slope	33.25%	19.50%	0.32%	-1.20%	1.99%
CAGR	40.67%	18.43%	4.06%	2.73%	6.35%
LSR	40.67%	19.81%	-0.23%	-1.55%	2.27%
Income Tax Expense
Avg YoY	25.92%	20.01%	26.94%	36.01%	33.79%
Slope	11.93%	8.00%	-9.73%	-3.71%	1.16%
CAGR	10.91%	12.48%	-1.73%	0.86%	6.03%
LSR	10.91%	7.02%	-6.76%	-3.96%	1.18%
Net Income
Avg YoY	44.11%	27.69%	14.13%	11.12%	17.49%
Slope	34.86%	25.82%	10.21%	5.04%	7.19%
CAGR	43.84%	26.21%	11.53%	8.68%	13.89%
LSR	43.84%	28.25%	8.93%	4.12%	8.64%
Net Margin
Avg YoY	46.16%	22.98%	9.43%	6.68%	10.58%
Slope	35.73%	21.82%	4.06%	0.35%	3.20%
CAGR	45.63%	20.21%	6.14%	4.04%	7.84%
LSR	45.63%	22.56%	3.01%	-0.21%	3.59%
Depreciation & Amortization
Avg YoY	5.29%	1.89%	7.42%	6.52%	4.98%
Slope	5.13%	1.03%	7.37%	6.15%	4.85%
CAGR	5.20%	1.76%	6.76%	6.04%	4.56%
LSR	5.20%	0.99%	8.16%	6.32%	4.73%
EBITDA
Avg YoY	23.77%	16.79%	9.50%	7.83%	10.30%
Slope	21.33%	16.36%	7.28%	4.48%	5.58%
CAGR	23.72%	16.18%	8.74%	6.70%	8.92%
LSR	23.72%	17.16%	6.77%	4.11%	6.05%
EBITDA Margin
Avg YoY	25.27%	11.89%	4.71%	3.53%	4.31%
Slope	22.39%	12.02%	1.32%	-0.03%	1.17%
CAGR	25.26%	10.66%	3.49%	2.14%	3.13%
LSR	25.26%	11.96%	0.97%	-0.22%	1.12%
NOPAT
Avg YoY	29.24%	22.19%	10.83%	8.83%	13.08%
Slope	25.53%	21.15%	7.26%	4.01%	5.80%
CAGR	29.20%	21.06%	9.23%	6.85%	10.61%
LSR	29.20%	22.90%	6.34%	3.43%	6.56%
NOPAT Margin
Avg YoY	30.82%	17.09%	6.10%	4.57%	6.72%
Slope	26.55%	17.02%	1.06%	-0.57%	1.59%
CAGR	30.82%	15.31%	3.95%	2.29%	4.74%
LSR	30.82%	17.45%	0.56%	-0.87%	1.60%
Owner's Earnings
Avg YoY	39.62%	21.43%	14.79%	12.98%	16.51%
Slope	31.15%	20.41%	10.35%	5.53%	7.33%
CAGR	38.86%	19.69%	10.82%	9.38%	12.89%
LSR	38.86%	21.44%	9.62%	4.86%	8.57%
Owner's Earnings Margin
Avg YoY	41.72%	17.14%	10.44%	8.57%	10.02%
Slope	32.04%	16.11%	4.29%	0.91%	3.26%
CAGR	40.59%	14.00%	5.46%	4.72%	6.90%
LSR	40.59%	16.05%	3.66%	0.50%	3.53%
EPS (Basic)
Avg YoY	45.92%	29.83%	15.54%	12.86%	18.19%
Slope	36.17%	27.47%	11.39%	6.66%	8.28%
CAGR	45.72%	28.36%	12.87%	10.37%	14.80%
LSR	45.72%	30.45%	10.03%	5.70%	9.79%
EPS (Diluted)
Avg YoY	45.59%	29.77%	15.63%	12.81%	18.15%
Slope	36.00%	27.42%	11.41%	6.74%	8.32%
CAGR	45.41%	28.32%	13.00%	10.35%	14.77%
LSR	45.41%	30.40%	10.07%	5.78%	9.81%
Shares (Basic)
Avg YoY	-1.29%	-1.67%	-1.18%	-1.53%	-0.77%
Slope	-1.30%	-1.70%	-1.00%	-1.52%	-1.04%
CAGR	-1.29%	-1.68%	-1.19%	-1.54%	-0.79%
LSR	-1.29%	-1.69%	-1.00%	-1.49%	-1.05%
Shares (Diluted)
Avg YoY	-1.07%	-1.64%	-1.29%	-1.49%	-0.74%
Slope	-1.08%	-1.67%	-1.04%	-1.59%	-1.05%
CAGR	-1.08%	-1.65%	-1.30%	-1.51%	-0.76%
LSR	-1.08%	-1.65%	-1.03%	-1.56%	-1.06%

Product Segments

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Product
Avg YoY	0.43%	0.43%	0.43%	0.43%	0.43%
Slope	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%
CAGR	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%
LSR	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%	0.31%
Service
Avg YoY	-3.72%	7.63%	7.63%	7.63%	7.63%
Slope	-4.05%	6.88%	6.88%	6.88%	6.88%
CAGR	-4.09%	6.82%	6.82%	6.82%	6.82%
LSR	-4.09%	7.62%	7.62%	7.62%	7.62%
Motive Power
Avg YoY	0.86%	4.43%	4.11%	4.11%	4.11%
Slope	0.78%	4.80%	4.53%	4.53%	4.53%
CAGR	0.79%	4.31%	4.04%	4.04%	4.04%
LSR	0.79%	5.01%	4.64%	4.64%	4.64%
Reserve Power
Avg YoY	18.47%	13.71%	8.76%	8.76%	8.76%
Slope	17.01%	12.86%	7.30%	7.30%	7.30%
CAGR	18.38%	13.55%	8.43%	8.43%	8.43%
LSR	18.38%	13.37%	7.10%	7.10%	7.10%

Geographic Segments

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Americas
Avg YoY	29.56%	14.09%	357.37%	357.37%	357.37%
Slope	24.35%	10.47%	-34.30%	-34.30%	-34.30%
CAGR	25.58%	10.45%	4.24%	4.24%	4.24%
LSR	25.58%	9.60%	-14.44%	-14.44%	-14.44%
Asia
Avg YoY	4.62%	3.45%	111.48%	111.48%	111.48%
Slope	-4.19%	4.08%	-18.71%	-18.71%	-18.71%
CAGR	-4.85%	-1.38%	1.65%	1.65%	1.65%
LSR	-4.85%	3.43%	-8.32%	-8.32%	-8.32%
EMEA
Avg YoY	6.91%	20.46%	15.76%	15.76%	15.76%
Slope	6.05%	15.90%	15.26%	15.26%	15.26%
CAGR	5.97%	18.94%	14.27%	14.27%	14.27%
LSR	5.97%	18.42%	16.81%	16.81%	16.81%
Europe
Avg YoY	1,138.86%	1,138.86%	1,138.86%	1,138.86%	1,138.86%
Slope	170.12%	170.12%	170.12%	170.12%	170.12%
CAGR	1,138.86%	1,138.86%	1,138.86%	1,138.86%	1,138.86%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—

Balance Sheet

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Cash & Cash Equivalents
Avg YoY	0.68%	-4.87%	2.37%	13.90%	49.93%
Slope	0.58%	-5.90%	-2.24%	5.50%	8.41%
CAGR	0.58%	-5.08%	-0.32%	10.21%	18.73%
LSR	0.58%	-5.56%	-1.97%	7.87%	15.69%
Cash & Short-Term Investments
Avg YoY	0.68%	-4.87%	2.37%	13.90%	49.93%
Slope	0.58%	-5.90%	-2.24%	5.50%	8.41%
CAGR	0.58%	-5.08%	-0.32%	10.21%	18.73%
LSR	0.58%	-5.56%	-1.97%	7.87%	15.69%
Net Receivables
Avg YoY	1.30%	3.62%	5.78%	4.88%	6.24%
Slope	-0.17%	-0.99%	4.22%	4.61%	4.69%
CAGR	-0.16%	2.27%	4.92%	4.17%	5.02%
LSR	-0.16%	-0.96%	4.60%	4.83%	4.96%
Inventory
Avg YoY	-2.07%	12.70%	11.66%	8.13%	10.28%
Slope	-2.77%	7.67%	10.24%	8.45%	7.76%
CAGR	-2.64%	11.15%	10.78%	7.45%	8.57%
LSR	-2.64%	8.91%	11.45%	8.65%	8.09%
Other Current Assets
Avg YoY	35.30%	28.30%	17.93%	10.41%	18.29%
Slope	28.03%	18.09%	13.90%	1.16%	3.46%
CAGR	34.40%	23.56%	15.17%	4.23%	6.87%
LSR	34.40%	20.50%	14.50%	1.03%	3.73%
Total Current Assets
Avg YoY	0.34%	4.74%	6.10%	6.58%	8.14%
Slope	-0.32%	1.82%	4.96%	6.03%	6.49%
CAGR	-0.30%	4.08%	5.72%	6.29%	7.60%
LSR	-0.30%	1.94%	5.27%	6.51%	7.25%
Property, Plant & Equipment
Avg YoY	9.02%	6.48%	7.38%	5.72%	5.02%
Slope	8.00%	7.11%	7.27%	5.97%	4.91%
CAGR	8.61%	6.24%	7.16%	5.55%	4.79%
LSR	8.61%	7.34%	7.67%	6.02%	4.81%
Goodwill
Avg YoY	4.41%	2.29%	12.02%	8.79%	6.81%
Slope	4.31%	1.89%	8.76%	7.97%	6.41%
CAGR	4.35%	2.23%	9.66%	7.05%	5.37%
LSR	4.35%	1.86%	10.69%	8.52%	6.31%
Intangible Assets
Avg YoY	4.39%	-1.04%	22.30%	19.50%	15.14%
Slope	3.28%	-3.24%	8.13%	10.86%	10.49%
CAGR	3.18%	-1.76%	11.41%	11.69%	9.25%
LSR	3.18%	-3.19%	11.85%	13.75%	12.18%
Long-Term Investments
Avg YoY	-99.81%	-99.81%	-99.91%	-99.91%	-99.91%
Slope	0.28%	50.09%	-2.19%	12.42%	14.49%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Tax Assets
Avg YoY	27.43%	8.17%	13.24%	18.21%	25.64%
Slope	23.34%	3.29%	8.07%	10.48%	11.39%
CAGR	24.70%	5.22%	10.76%	13.47%	10.13%
LSR	24.70%	2.50%	8.85%	13.09%	—
Other Non-Current Assets
Avg YoY	215.07%	124.18%	218.27%	136.40%	100.25%
Slope	-0.54%	5.00%	20.40%	15.00%	10.71%
CAGR	-0.39%	14.69%	28.25%	12.56%	8.09%
LSR	-0.39%	-3.07%	30.66%	13.33%	7.28%
Total Non-Current Assets
Avg YoY	6.03%	3.42%	11.26%	8.79%	6.98%
Slope	5.69%	2.62%	8.55%	8.22%	6.96%
CAGR	5.71%	3.22%	9.72%	7.64%	6.03%
LSR	5.71%	2.55%	10.21%	8.88%	7.02%
Total Assets
Avg YoY	3.10%	3.93%	7.90%	7.22%	7.09%
Slope	2.66%	2.21%	6.68%	7.06%	6.72%
CAGR	2.62%	3.64%	7.57%	6.95%	6.74%
LSR	2.62%	2.22%	7.45%	7.62%	7.12%
Accounts Payable
Avg YoY	4.90%	8.04%	8.39%	5.48%	8.33%
Slope	4.64%	5.38%	7.84%	5.82%	5.29%
CAGR	4.64%	7.57%	7.99%	5.05%	5.91%
LSR	4.64%	5.71%	8.43%	5.77%	5.41%
Short-Term Debt
Avg YoY	-2.49%	3.89%	17.57%	41.67%	32.19%
Slope	-2.52%	-8.48%	4.19%	7.20%	3.53%
CAGR	-2.50%	-2.82%	4.15%	16.78%	3.82%
LSR	-2.50%	-7.58%	6.07%	10.72%	4.42%
Tax Payables
Avg YoY	48.06%	25.48%	17.33%	10.94%	10.94%
Slope	27.19%	10.35%	0.02%	0.06%	7.55%
CAGR	26.51%	10.74%	7.45%	3.65%	—
LSR	26.51%	8.26%	-0.38%	-0.35%	—
Deferred Revenue
Avg YoY	-6.76%	22.76%	17.89%	16.90%	16.90%
Slope	-8.41%	10.84%	14.80%	11.76%	14.12%
CAGR	-7.73%	17.81%	14.16%	12.21%	—
LSR	-7.73%	14.30%	17.29%	12.40%	—
Other Current Liabilities
Avg YoY	269.69%	140.46%	55.86%	56.10%	288.18%
Slope	2.95%	32.00%	-9.21%	-2.86%	-1.55%
CAGR	8.86%	10.02%	-13.71%	-8.96%	14.14%
LSR	8.86%	33.27%	-13.29%	-6.19%	-0.69%
Total Current Liabilities
Avg YoY	6.53%	8.90%	6.13%	4.43%	9.77%
Slope	4.35%	7.75%	4.50%	4.15%	4.09%
CAGR	4.76%	7.62%	4.45%	3.21%	6.75%
LSR	4.76%	8.38%	4.60%	4.13%	4.42%
Long-Term Debt
Avg YoY	7.55%	7.85%	11.27%	18.11%	10.96%
Slope	3.32%	-0.38%	6.83%	11.45%	8.91%
CAGR	3.09%	4.54%	8.06%	12.81%	6.42%
LSR	3.09%	-0.49%	7.97%	15.83%	9.58%
Capital Lease Obligations
Avg YoY	145.89%	59.09%	872.38%	550.94%	408.76%
Slope	54.19%	10.81%	24.90%	23.88%	20.26%
CAGR	106.76%	10.38%	93.57%	32.18%	22.57%
LSR	106.76%	9.78%	117.78%	57.28%	28.68%
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Avg YoY	-45.68%	-26.76%	0.91%	-1.10%	1.36%
Slope	-57.20%	-29.01%	-1.67%	-3.47%	0.08%
CAGR	-45.69%	-29.52%	-8.92%	-8.83%	-5.12%
LSR	-45.69%	-30.24%	-3.70%	-4.75%	-0.62%
Other Non-Current Liabilities
Avg YoY	-14.82%	2.14%	13.66%	14.02%	14.09%
Slope	-32.23%	-8.70%	2.38%	5.99%	5.90%
CAGR	-24.75%	-7.16%	4.39%	6.62%	5.91%
LSR	-24.75%	-9.25%	3.09%	6.90%	6.68%
Total Non-Current Liabilities
Avg YoY	4.22%	4.93%	10.29%	13.36%	8.48%
Slope	0.44%	-1.85%	6.59%	10.12%	8.18%
CAGR	0.40%	2.36%	7.94%	10.78%	6.15%
LSR	0.40%	-1.95%	7.81%	12.78%	8.64%
Total Liabilities
Avg YoY	2.38%	4.72%	8.01%	8.74%	7.34%
Slope	1.66%	0.91%	5.96%	8.15%	6.78%
CAGR	1.61%	3.75%	6.81%	7.67%	6.32%
LSR	1.61%	1.00%	6.81%	9.36%	7.05%
Common Stock
Avg YoY	1.82%	2.28%	1.87%	2.23%	1.84%
Slope	1.80%	2.25%	1.57%	2.16%	2.00%
CAGR	1.81%	2.27%	1.86%	2.20%	1.83%
LSR	1.81%	2.28%	1.58%	2.21%	2.02%
Retained Earnings
Avg YoY	14.84%	12.41%	11.02%	15.66%	24.57%
Slope	13.87%	11.72%	9.45%	11.02%	12.46%
CAGR	14.80%	12.35%	10.96%	15.36%	23.25%
LSR	14.80%	12.28%	9.92%	13.43%	20.13%
Accumulated OCI
Avg YoY	17.56%	23.15%	36.68%	3.00%	14.10%
Slope	-16.25%	-19.67%	-10.19%	-24.52%	-37.45%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Minority Interest
Avg YoY	-1.58%	-1.11%	-8.39%	7.55%	0.68%
Slope	-1.67%	-1.90%	-10.32%	-9.32%	0.95%
CAGR	-1.64%	-1.17%	-11.32%	-0.71%	—
LSR	-1.64%	-1.89%	-7.82%	-8.43%	—
Total Shareholders’ Equity
Avg YoY	14.55%	11.50%	10.97%	12.74%	19.75%
Slope	13.62%	10.94%	9.37%	10.00%	11.16%
CAGR	14.52%	11.43%	10.81%	12.51%	18.10%
LSR	14.52%	11.37%	9.87%	11.36%	15.42%
Total Equity
Avg YoY	14.52%	11.47%	10.85%	12.69%	19.80%
Slope	13.59%	10.91%	9.31%	9.90%	11.10%
CAGR	14.49%	11.41%	10.69%	12.46%	18.11%
LSR	14.49%	11.35%	9.79%	11.21%	15.37%
Total Liabilities & Equity
Avg YoY	8.41%	7.90%	9.07%	10.14%	10.46%
Slope	8.00%	5.97%	7.60%	9.00%	8.76%
CAGR	8.14%	7.64%	8.78%	9.92%	10.01%
LSR	8.14%	6.13%	8.31%	10.25%	9.88%
Tangible Assets
Avg YoY	2.65%	5.40%	6.87%	6.63%	7.22%
Slope	2.12%	3.13%	5.91%	6.31%	6.32%
CAGR	2.07%	4.97%	6.62%	6.44%	6.89%
LSR	2.07%	3.23%	6.31%	6.71%	6.79%
Tangible Equity
Avg YoY	28.42%	30.74%	23.08%	31.83%	-5.12%
Slope	24.27%	26.10%	10.46%	11.36%	17.76%
CAGR	28.28%	30.64%	11.15%	21.35%	—
LSR	28.28%	31.44%	10.03%	13.27%	—
Tangible Book Value
Avg YoY	28.42%	30.74%	23.08%	31.83%	-5.12%
Slope	24.27%	26.10%	10.46%	11.36%	17.76%
CAGR	28.28%	30.64%	11.15%	21.35%	—
LSR	28.28%	31.44%	10.03%	13.27%	—
Total Investments
Avg YoY	-99.81%	-99.81%	-99.91%	-99.91%	-99.91%
Slope	0.28%	50.09%	-2.19%	12.42%	14.49%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Net Debt
Avg YoY	13.15%	18.53%	92.86%	44.85%	28.68%
Slope	4.46%	2.20%	13.17%	16.01%	8.85%
CAGR	4.04%	10.46%	15.78%	14.49%	4.51%
LSR	4.04%	2.48%	23.55%	—	—

Capital Structure

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Working Capital
Avg YoY	8.43%	9.75%	7.24%	8.88%	11.63%
Slope	6.96%	5.15%	4.86%	6.63%	7.83%
CAGR	6.82%	8.49%	6.41%	8.28%	10.94%
LSR	6.82%	5.29%	4.96%	7.36%	9.59%
Total Capital
Avg YoY	9.24%	6.70%	9.20%	8.81%	8.21%
Slope	8.64%	4.66%	7.61%	8.12%	7.62%
CAGR	8.75%	6.32%	8.80%	8.52%	7.92%
LSR	8.75%	4.64%	8.39%	8.90%	8.15%
Capital Employed
Avg YoY	6.88%	5.64%	8.60%	8.15%	7.79%
Slope	6.20%	3.62%	7.02%	7.56%	7.31%
CAGR	6.16%	5.23%	8.23%	7.90%	7.55%
LSR	6.16%	3.59%	7.77%	8.23%	7.88%
Invested Capital
Avg YoY	10.47%	8.74%	12.05%	9.31%	8.34%
Slope	9.75%	6.30%	9.52%	8.62%	7.48%
CAGR	9.91%	8.30%	10.76%	8.34%	7.36%
LSR	9.91%	6.39%	10.97%	9.17%	7.60%

Cash Flow

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
Net Income
Avg YoY	45.59%	29.77%	16.01%	12.92%	18.23%
Slope	36.00%	27.42%	11.60%	6.83%	8.35%
CAGR	45.41%	28.32%	13.41%	10.35%	14.77%
LSR	45.41%	30.40%	10.31%	5.86%	9.81%
Depreciation & Amortization
Avg YoY	6.50%	3.59%	8.75%	8.09%	5.77%
Slope	6.26%	2.73%	8.33%	7.60%	5.97%
CAGR	6.35%	3.47%	8.16%	7.66%	5.36%
LSR	6.35%	2.69%	9.29%	8.01%	5.85%
Deferred Income Tax
Avg YoY	-51.85%	-376.45%	-308.13%	-397.76%	-298.74%
Slope	-33.80%	-46.31%	-21.81%	-16.08%	-28.18%
CAGR	46.33%	39.57%	53.63%	20.04%	—
LSR	46.33%	—	—	—	—
Stock-Based Compensation
Avg YoY	4.47%	7.11%	-8.17%	3.29%	5.21%
Slope	3.63%	29.39%	6.13%	6.38%	10.00%
CAGR	3.84%	—	5.33%	10.01%	30.33%
LSR	3.84%	—	—	—	—
Change in Working Capital
Avg YoY	97.44%	-38.42%	-2.69%	-168.77%	-192.66%
Slope	-180.03%	-28.91%	-35.03%	-12.95%	-9.04%
CAGR	409.23%	—	—	7.13%	9.92%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Accounts Receivable
Avg YoY	-58.20%	-389.37%	-161.09%	-163.99%	-185.72%
Slope	-245.16%	103.62%	-57.66%	23.13%	8.20%
CAGR	—	—	—	3.58%	10.84%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Inventory
Avg YoY	40.09%	-214.04%	-101.45%	14.90%	0.27%
Slope	752.61%	58.84%	-0.43%	-4.39%	-4.90%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Accounts Payable
Avg YoY	45.22%	50.26%	249.76%	139.63%	240.15%
Slope	346.32%	-21.40%	11.79%	15.19%	16.34%
CAGR	—	17.09%	14.48%	0.46%	18.39%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Other Working Capital
Avg YoY	-309.52%	-182.67%	61.26%	117.36%	-124.10%
Slope	-110.97%	-84.37%	-69.46%	-45.25%	-24.93%
CAGR	—	—	—	22.32%	24.96%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Other Non-Cash Items
Avg YoY	127.01%	43.98%	59.20%	60.82%	53.18%
Slope	-0.73%	-3.21%	-6.97%	3.86%	8.11%
CAGR	-1.55%	-22.83%	-14.33%	0.16%	6.47%
LSR	-1.55%	-9.43%	-7.40%	4.88%	11.83%
Net Cash from Operating Activities
Avg YoY	10.68%	111.18%	53.08%	51.35%	309.68%
Slope	-2.08%	14.30%	2.95%	5.04%	6.89%
CAGR	-2.52%	-6.13%	-0.55%	10.82%	10.81%
LSR	-2.52%	—	—	—	—
Capital Expenditures (PPE)
Avg YoY	-20.26%	-17.87%	-13.38%	-9.03%	-8.94%
Slope	-17.53%	-14.67%	-8.07%	-6.52%	-5.74%
CAGR	18.04%	16.59%	10.40%	6.76%	6.86%
LSR	18.04%	15.21%	8.51%	6.50%	5.68%
Acquisitions (Net)
Avg YoY	-1,981.37%	-1,354.24%	-3,201.88%	-2,280.31%	-1,707.53%
Slope	-145.14%	-98.53%	2.79%	-6.60%	-9.09%
CAGR	—	—	23.22%	15.94%	10.14%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Purchases of Investments
Avg YoY	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Slope	-134.94%	-94.98%	-53.33%	-36.96%	-28.27%
CAGR	335.03%	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Sales / Maturities of Investments
Avg YoY	-100.00%	-100.00%	-100.00%	-100.00%	-100.00%
Slope	-150.00%	0.00%	30.30%	26.79%	22.56%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Other Investing Activities
Avg YoY	132.83%	44.87%	48.58%	118.57%	238.04%
Slope	42.09%	-27.86%	-9.21%	5.91%	2.98%
CAGR	80.59%	-19.67%	-16.27%	11.91%	4.58%
LSR	80.59%	-22.02%	0.68%	17.49%	9.19%
Net Cash from Investing Activities
Avg YoY	-189.17%	-88.22%	-123.98%	-96.76%	-73.59%
Slope	-93.24%	-48.25%	-1.58%	-6.34%	-7.41%
CAGR	177.01%	53.34%	18.69%	11.42%	8.91%
LSR	177.01%	45.39%	4.00%	5.20%	5.79%
Net Debt Issuance
Avg YoY	105.17%	79.38%	510.99%	333.97%	207.33%
Slope	450.69%	475.99%	-16.70%	6.25%	10.59%
CAGR	—	—	11.39%	—	14.05%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Long-Term Debt Issuance
Avg YoY	99.19%	78.44%	467.98%	302.84%	207.57%
Slope	497.57%	862.44%	-14.65%	7.54%	10.85%
CAGR	—	—	11.85%	—	14.39%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Short-Term Debt Issuance
Avg YoY	42.12%	26.30%	7,291.01%	4,795.35%	3,566.23%
Slope	144.87%	28.00%	-25.59%	-0.03%	9.38%
CAGR	-88.96%	-63.69%	—	—	—
LSR	-88.96%	—	—	—	—
Net Stock Issuance
Avg YoY	-240.43%	-556.62%	-458,370.72%	-317,359.54%	-229,177.05%
Slope	-76.72%	-33.43%	-3.03%	-4.90%	-10.72%
CAGR	191.51%	—	-0.32%	—	—
LSR	191.51%	—	—	—	—
Common Stock Issuance
Avg YoY	—	-100.00%	10,764.81%	10,764.81%	5,558.46%
Slope	—	-100.00%	2.58%	14.53%	-11.40%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Common Stock Repurchased
Avg YoY	-190.94%	-99.02%	-1.96%	-31.17%	-21.08%
Slope	-73.11%	-30.36%	-21.31%	-7.44%	-11.12%
CAGR	162.08%	—	-1.23%	—	—
LSR	162.08%	—	—	—	—
Preferred Stock Issuance
Avg YoY	-100.00%	-100.00%	-100.00%	-100.00%	-100.00%
Slope	-150.00%	0.00%	21.68%	22.97%	9.65%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Net Dividends Paid
Avg YoY	-15.93%	-8.00%	-3.73%	-6.84%	-6.84%
Slope	-14.44%	-8.11%	-2.68%	-10.13%	-13.21%
CAGR	15.83%	7.66%	3.51%	—	—
LSR	15.83%	8.16%	2.52%	—	—
Common Dividends Paid
Avg YoY	-15.93%	-8.00%	-3.73%	-6.84%	-6.84%
Slope	-14.44%	-8.11%	-2.68%	-10.13%	-13.21%
CAGR	15.83%	7.66%	3.51%	—	—
LSR	15.83%	8.16%	2.52%	—	—
Other Financing Activities
Avg YoY	114.77%	36.41%	5.46%	-5.70%	22.26%
Slope	160.09%	43.69%	13.74%	-16.75%	-19.53%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Net Cash from Financing Activities
Avg YoY	44.03%	-35.92%	-49.96%	-58.67%	89.60%
Slope	99.21%	6.32%	-21.75%	-6.81%	-12.49%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Effect of FX on Cash
Avg YoY	51.68%	-31.35%	2.33%	-66.96%	53.65%
Slope	74.53%	-83.32%	-35.50%	-10.35%	-12.64%
CAGR	-53.35%	—	—	—	32.23%
LSR	-53.35%	—	—	—	—
Net Change in Cash
Avg YoY	125.67%	23.56%	-74.25%	17.60%	54.82%
Slope	167.04%	-732.63%	-155.15%	-34.16%	-15.80%
CAGR	—	-46.17%	-23.87%	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Cash at Beginning of Period
Avg YoY	-7.80%	4.06%	7.55%	10.15%	48.93%
Slope	-8.52%	-0.93%	0.20%	6.54%	9.79%
CAGR	-8.00%	2.17%	3.76%	5.27%	16.45%
LSR	-8.00%	-0.60%	0.76%	8.67%	18.39%
Cash at End of Period
Avg YoY	0.68%	-4.87%	2.37%	13.90%	49.93%
Slope	0.58%	-5.90%	-2.24%	5.50%	8.41%
CAGR	0.58%	-5.08%	-0.32%	10.21%	18.73%
LSR	0.58%	-5.56%	-1.97%	7.87%	15.69%
Operating Cash Flow
Avg YoY	10.68%	111.18%	53.08%	51.35%	309.68%
Slope	-2.08%	14.30%	2.95%	5.04%	6.89%
CAGR	-2.52%	-6.13%	-0.55%	10.82%	10.81%
LSR	-2.52%	—	—	—	—
Capital Expenditure
Avg YoY	-20.26%	-17.87%	-13.38%	-9.03%	-8.94%
Slope	-17.53%	-14.67%	-8.07%	-6.52%	-5.74%
CAGR	18.04%	16.59%	10.40%	6.76%	6.86%
LSR	18.04%	15.21%	8.51%	6.50%	5.68%
Free Cash Flow
Avg YoY	16.05%	31.23%	19.69%	80.74%	109.68%
Slope	-10.41%	14.11%	0.59%	4.36%	7.47%
CAGR	-13.72%	-15.24%	-5.14%	18.23%	22.89%
LSR	-13.72%	—	—	—	—

Free Cash Flow

Metric / Stat	3Y	5Y	10Y	15Y	20Y
EBITDA
Avg YoY	14.43%	11.35%	24.15%	23.26%	20.92%
Slope	13.41%	11.39%	15.94%	12.02%	11.50%
CAGR	14.43%	11.23%	17.47%	14.03%	13.71%
LSR	14.43%	11.90%	19.70%	12.73%	12.90%
(-) Tax Adjustment
Avg YoY	3.27%	7.07%	19.33%	27.71%	23.05%
Slope	-10.41%	-3.93%	6.43%	5.01%	5.97%
CAGR	-8.65%	0.63%	5.58%	7.17%	7.36%
LSR	-8.65%	-4.48%	6.91%	5.40%	6.36%
Change In Working Capital
Avg YoY	97.44%	-38.42%	-2.69%	-168.77%	-192.66%
Slope	-180.03%	-28.91%	-35.03%	-12.95%	-9.04%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Capital Expenditure
Avg YoY	-20.26%	-17.87%	-13.38%	-9.03%	-8.94%
Slope	-17.53%	-14.67%	-8.07%	-6.52%	-5.74%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Unlevered Free Cash Flow
Avg YoY	30.49%	30.02%	52.45%	36.49%	55.06%
Slope	26.64%	15.09%	20.28%	14.34%	13.42%
CAGR	30.23%	23.51%	30.95%	14.50%	15.76%
LSR	30.23%	17.25%	30.37%	15.11%	16.46%
Net Interest After Taxes
Avg YoY	2.91%	-14.06%	-17.66%	-10.86%	-10.95%
Slope	3.11%	-11.62%	-13.01%	-11.08%	-5.63%
CAGR	—	—	—	—	—
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Net Debt Issuance
Avg YoY	105.17%	79.38%	510.99%	333.97%	207.33%
Slope	450.69%	475.99%	-16.70%	6.25%	10.59%
CAGR	—	—	11.39%	—	14.05%
LSR	—	—	—	—	—
Levered Free Cash Flow
Avg YoY	76.95%	80.89%	85.14%	83.74%	75.56%
Slope	54.57%	19.22%	16.63%	13.48%	12.73%
CAGR	68.95%	41.02%	23.45%	20.52%	14.24%
LSR	68.95%	23.46%	22.38%	15.88%	15.77%