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Visa Inc.

Intrinsic Value Analysis (Discounted Cash Flow)Industry: Financial - Credit ServicesSector: Financial Services

Fair Value Summary

Current Price$345.11
5Y Range207.63 – 321.21
5Y Selected264.42
(-) Safety Margin18.99%
5Y Buy Price$214.21
Upside (to Buy Price)-37.93%
10Y Range235.47 – 356.12
10Y Selected295.80
(-) Safety Margin18.99%
10Y Buy Price$239.63
Upside (to Buy Price)-30.57%

Company Predictability & Safety

MetricValue
Revenue R2 (5Y)0.9925
Revenue R2 (10Y)0.9499
Net Income R2 (5Y)0.9559
Net Income R2 (10Y)0.9544
EBITDA R2 (5Y)0.9615
EBITDA R2 (10Y)0.9581
FCF R2 (5Y)0.8206
FCF R2 (10Y)0.9065
Safety Score0.8101

DA 10-Year Projection

Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035
% Growth12.77%11.80%10.82%9.85%8.87%7.90%6.92%5.95%4.97%4.00%
Revenue45,109.9650,432.8955,892.2061,397.5566,846.5472,127.3877,122.1881,710.9385,776.0489,207.08
EBITDA32,700.2136,558.8040,516.2644,507.0848,457.0652,285.1455,905.8759,232.2562,179.0564,666.21
D&A-1,375.78-1,538.12-1,704.62-1,872.53-2,038.71-2,199.77-2,352.10-2,492.05-2,616.03-2,720.67
EBIT31,324.4335,020.6838,811.6442,634.5546,418.3450,085.3753,553.7656,740.2059,563.0261,945.54
Pro forma Taxes-6,521.26-7,290.76-8,079.98-8,875.85-9,663.58-10,426.99-11,149.06-11,812.43-12,400.09-12,896.10
NOPAT24,803.1727,729.9230,731.6633,758.7036,754.7739,658.3842,404.7044,927.7747,162.9249,049.44
Capital Expenditures-1,541.27-1,723.14-1,909.67-2,097.77-2,283.94-2,464.37-2,635.03-2,791.81-2,930.71-3,047.94
NWC Investment1,144.181,191.861,222.401,232.711,220.091,182.441,118.391,027.47910.22768.25
(+) D&A1,375.781,538.121,704.621,872.532,038.712,199.772,352.102,492.052,616.032,720.67
Free Cash Flow25,781.8628,736.7631,749.0234,766.1737,729.6340,576.2143,240.1745,655.4947,758.4749,490.43
Diluted Shares Outstanding2,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.002,022,750,000.00

Discounting Periods

MetricSep-26Sep-27Sep-28Sep-29Sep-30Sep-31Sep-32Sep-33Sep-34Sep-35
Period Start9/30/2510/1/2610/1/2710/1/2810/1/2910/1/3010/1/3110/1/3210/1/3310/1/34
Period End9/30/269/30/279/30/289/30/299/30/309/30/319/30/329/30/339/30/349/30/35
Mid-Point3/31/264/1/273/31/284/1/294/1/304/1/313/31/324/1/334/1/344/1/35
Time (t)0.201.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.21
Valuation Date1/16/26

Base Case Projected Flows

WACC: 9.10%Terminal Growth: 2.47%
Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035TV (5y)TV (10y)
Discount Factor0.980.900.820.760.690.640.580.530.490.45
PV UFCF25,336.7425,863.0426,191.1926,288.4526,150.1325,777.8125,179.3824,368.7923,365.4722,193.64
Raw: 583,770.58
387,369.23
Raw: 765,739.24
328,760.69

Base Case Valuation

5-Year Horizon10-Year Horizon
UFCFUFCF
Enterprise Value517,198.78579,475.33
(-) Net Debt8,330.758,330.75
Equity Value508,868.03571,144.58
(/) Shares Out2,022.752,022.75
Fair Value$251.57$282.36
(-) Safety Margin18.99%18.99%
Buy Price$203.80$228.74
Current Price$345.11$345.11
Upside (to Buy Price)-40.95%-33.72%

Conservative Projected Flows

WACC: 10.10%Terminal Growth: 1.97%
Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035TV (5y)TV (10y)
Discount Factor0.980.890.810.730.670.610.550.500.450.41
PV UFCF25,290.5525,579.0725,668.3425,529.6525,164.6624,581.0623,792.3422,817.2521,679.1020,404.82
Raw: 473,649.29
301,075.75
Raw: 621,291.76
244,127.85

Conservative Valuation

5-Year Horizon10-Year Horizon
UFCFUFCF
Enterprise Value428,308.02484,634.69
(-) Net Debt8,330.758,330.75
Equity Value419,977.27476,303.94
(/) Shares Out2,022.752,022.75
Fair Value$207.63$235.47
(-) Safety Margin18.99%18.99%
Buy Price$168.20$190.76
Current Price$345.11$345.11
Upside (to Buy Price)-51.26%-44.73%

Aggressive Projected Flows

WACC: 8.10%Terminal Growth: 2.97%
Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035TV (5y)TV (10y)
Discount Factor0.980.910.840.780.720.670.620.570.530.49
PV UFCF25,383.4526,152.8226,729.6527,077.1027,183.8027,044.6626,661.2026,041.6025,200.4024,157.98
Raw: 758,377.63
525,538.26
Raw: 994,773.52
467,040.72

Aggressive Valuation

5-Year Horizon10-Year Horizon
UFCFUFCF
Enterprise Value658,065.08728,673.38
(-) Net Debt8,330.758,330.75
Equity Value649,734.33720,342.63
(/) Shares Out2,022.752,022.75
Fair Value$321.21$356.12
(-) Safety Margin18.99%18.99%
Buy Price$260.21$288.49
Current Price$345.11$345.11
Upside (to Buy Price)-24.60%-16.41%

Reverse DCF: Market Implied Growth

Current Price$345.11
WACC Used9.1%
IMPLIED REVENUE GROWTH176.35%
Metric2027202820292030203120322033203420352036
Implied Revenue110,541.99305,488.30844,232.132,333,077.556,447,576.0117,818,197.4249,241,475.99136,081,271.35376,067,370.871,039,280,909.32
Constant Implied Growth176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%176.35%
Implied Free Cash Flow11.0530.5584.42233.31644.761,781.824,924.1513,608.1337,606.74103,928.09
Discount Factor0.940.820.760.690.640.580.530.490.450.41
Present Value of Implied FCF10.4025.2063.84161.70409.611,037.582,628.286,657.6716,864.4842,719.24

Rolling Historical DCF (Backtest)

Valuation based on actual realized growth.
YearValuation DateActual PriceRealized Growth (5Y)Calculated Fair ValueValuation Delta
20202020-09-30$199.9714.53%$122.14-38.92%
20192019-09-30$172.0114.27%$147.07-14.50%
20182018-09-30$150.7910.96%$125.03-17.08%
20172017-09-30$105.248.74%$77.19-26.66%
20162016-09-30$82.708.06%$40.81-50.65%
20152015-09-30$69.6612.34%$65.62-5.80%
20142014-09-30$53.3416.06%$79.1648.40%
20132013-09-30$47.7815.34%$28.97-39.37%
20122012-09-30$34.1813.53%$38.8313.59%
20112011-09-30$21.4315.78%$31.8548.62%
20102010-09-30$18.5618.76%$25.1335.42%
20092009-09-30$17.2819.75%$4.41-74.48%
20082008-09-30$15.3516.32%$3.12-79.67%
20072007-09-30$14.138.19%$2.77-80.38%
20062006-09-30$14.1315.44%$4.62-67.28%
20052005-09-30$14.1321.89%$4.88-65.44%
20042004-09-30$14.1325.25%$4.48-68.29%
20032003-09-30$14.1323.74%$-0.03-100.20%

Monte Carlo Simulation (1,000 Iterations)

Mean Fair Value
$291.70
Median
$283.57
10th Percentile
$233.76
90th Percentile
$355.63

Fair Value Distribution

$186.25 - $208.85
19
$208.85 - $231.46
67
$231.46 - $254.06
139
$254.06 - $276.67
204
$276.67 - $299.27
207
$299.27 - $321.88
135
$321.88 - $344.48
98
$344.48 - $367.09
58
$367.09 - $389.69
25
$389.69 - $412.30
19
$412.30 - $434.90
13
$434.90 - $457.51
9
$457.51 - $480.11
0
$480.11 - $502.72
0
$502.72 - $525.32
1
$525.32 - $547.93
2
$547.93 - $570.53
1
$570.53 - $593.14
1
$593.14 - $615.74
1
$615.74 - $638.35
1