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Salesforce, Inc.

Intrinsic Value Analysis (Discounted Cash Flow)Industry: Software - ApplicationSector: Technology

Fair Value Summary

Current Price$254.28
5Y Range226.04 – 344.50
5Y Selected285.27
(-) Safety Margin43.26%
5Y Buy Price$161.86
Upside (to Buy Price)-36.34%
10Y Range250.78 – 372.58
10Y Selected311.68
(-) Safety Margin43.26%
10Y Buy Price$176.85
Upside (to Buy Price)-30.45%

Company Predictability & Safety

MetricValue
Revenue R2 (5Y)0.9862
Revenue R2 (10Y)0.9827
Net Income R2 (5Y)0.2127
Net Income R2 (10Y)0.5275
EBITDA R2 (5Y)0.9459
EBITDA R2 (10Y)0.8544
FCF R2 (5Y)0.9440
FCF R2 (10Y)0.8788
Safety Score0.5674

DA 10-Year Projection

Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035
% Growth13.11%12.10%11.08%10.07%9.06%8.05%7.04%6.02%5.01%4.00%
Revenue42,861.9848,046.2853,371.4458,746.7464,068.9469,224.9974,095.4878,558.8682,496.1785,796.01
EBITDA13,042.4114,619.9316,240.3217,875.9619,495.4421,064.3722,546.4023,904.5625,102.6426,106.74
D&A-4,615.63-5,173.91-5,747.35-6,326.19-6,899.32-7,454.55-7,979.04-8,459.68-8,883.67-9,239.02
EBIT8,426.789,446.0210,492.9711,549.7612,596.1213,609.8114,567.3715,444.8816,218.9616,867.72
Pro forma Taxes-676.41-758.22-842.26-927.09-1,011.08-1,092.45-1,169.31-1,239.74-1,301.88-1,353.95
NOPAT7,750.378,687.809,650.7110,622.6811,585.0412,517.3713,398.0614,205.1414,917.0815,513.77
Capital Expenditures-1,354.31-1,518.12-1,686.38-1,856.23-2,024.39-2,187.31-2,341.20-2,482.23-2,606.64-2,710.90
NWC Investment1,589.971,659.531,704.621,720.671,703.671,650.491,559.081,428.761,260.361,056.30
(+) D&A4,615.635,173.915,747.356,326.196,899.327,454.557,979.048,459.688,883.679,239.02
Free Cash Flow12,601.6514,003.1115,416.2916,813.3118,163.6519,435.1020,594.9721,611.3422,454.4823,098.19
Diluted Shares Outstanding967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00967,000,000.00

Discounting Periods

MetricJan-26Jan-27Jan-28Jan-29Jan-30Jan-31Jan-32Jan-33Jan-34Jan-35
Period Start10/31/252/1/262/1/272/1/282/1/292/1/302/1/312/1/322/1/332/1/34
Period End1/31/261/31/271/31/281/31/291/31/301/31/311/31/321/31/331/31/341/31/35
Mid-Point12/16/258/2/268/2/278/1/288/2/298/2/308/2/318/1/328/2/338/2/34
Time (t)0.100.541.542.543.544.545.546.547.558.55
Valuation Date1/17/26

Base Case Projected Flows

WACC: 9.10%Terminal Growth: 2.49%
Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035TV (5y)TV (10y)
Discount Factor0.990.950.870.800.730.670.620.570.520.47
PV UFCF12,492.4013,359.9113,481.6213,477.1713,345.4013,088.7612,713.2412,228.1311,635.5310,970.95
Raw: 281,779.21
198,211.62
Raw: 358,330.52
162,945.31

Base Case Valuation

5-Year Horizon10-Year Horizon
UFCFUFCF
Enterprise Value264,368.12289,738.42
(-) Net Debt1,504.501,504.50
Equity Value262,863.62288,233.92
(/) Shares Out967.00967.00
Fair Value$271.83$298.07
(-) Safety Margin43.26%43.26%
Buy Price$154.24$169.13
Current Price$254.28$254.28
Upside (to Buy Price)-39.34%-33.49%

Conservative Projected Flows

WACC: 10.10%Terminal Growth: 1.99%
Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035TV (5y)TV (10y)
Discount Factor0.990.950.860.780.710.650.590.530.480.44
PV UFCF12,481.0113,294.2513,293.5113,168.4212,921.2312,557.6412,086.5711,519.7810,860.9610,147.61
Raw: 228,520.39
154,930.19
Raw: 290,602.81
121,673.49

Conservative Valuation

5-Year Horizon10-Year Horizon
UFCFUFCF
Enterprise Value220,088.60244,004.47
(-) Net Debt1,504.501,504.50
Equity Value218,584.10242,499.97
(/) Shares Out967.00967.00
Fair Value$226.04$250.78
(-) Safety Margin43.26%43.26%
Buy Price$128.26$142.29
Current Price$254.28$254.28
Upside (to Buy Price)-49.56%-44.04%

Aggressive Projected Flows

WACC: 8.10%Terminal Growth: 2.99%
Metric2026202720282029203020312032203320342035TV (5y)TV (10y)
Discount Factor0.990.960.890.820.760.700.650.600.560.51
PV UFCF12,503.9113,426.5113,674.1613,796.1013,787.6013,647.5513,378.6212,987.1612,473.2511,869.62
Raw: 366,325.96
267,451.08
Raw: 465,846.19
230,246.34

Aggressive Valuation

5-Year Horizon10-Year Horizon
UFCFUFCF
Enterprise Value334,639.35361,790.82
(-) Net Debt1,504.501,504.50
Equity Value333,134.85360,286.32
(/) Shares Out967.00967.00
Fair Value$344.50$372.58
(-) Safety Margin43.26%43.26%
Buy Price$195.47$211.40
Current Price$254.28$254.28
Upside (to Buy Price)-23.13%-16.86%

Reverse DCF: Market Implied Growth

Current Price$254.28
WACC Used9.1%
IMPLIED REVENUE GROWTH147.13%
Metric2027202820292030203120322033203420352036
Implied Revenue99,635.95246,231.65608,515.611,503,832.823,716,442.319,184,493.9722,697,763.7356,093,289.40138,624,102.03342,583,611.51
Constant Implied Growth147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%147.13%
Implied Free Cash Flow9.9624.6260.85150.38371.64918.452,269.785,609.3313,862.4134,258.36
Discount Factor0.960.870.800.730.670.620.570.520.470.44
Present Value of Implied FCF9.6121.5348.78110.49250.29566.961,284.282,906.666,584.2314,914.76

Rolling Historical DCF (Backtest)

Valuation based on actual realized growth.
YearValuation DateActual PriceRealized Growth (5Y)Calculated Fair ValueValuation Delta
20202020-01-31$182.3112.96%$113.99-37.47%
20192019-01-31$151.9714.03%$100.46-33.89%
20182018-01-31$113.9114.57%$85.92-24.57%
20172017-01-31$79.1015.56%$69.81-11.75%
20162016-01-31$68.4416.44%$42.29-38.20%
20152015-01-31$56.4518.04%$36.68-35.02%
20142014-01-31$60.5318.15%$28.17-53.46%
20132013-01-31$43.0318.74%$32.66-24.11%
20122012-01-31$29.2020.13%$26.99-7.57%
20112011-01-31$32.2822.20%$6.36-80.29%
20102010-01-31$16.3024.81%$19.1617.57%
20092009-01-31$6.6524.48%$15.19128.35%
20082008-01-31$12.9822.50%$13.655.19%
20072007-01-31$10.9622.81%$7.81-28.76%
20062006-01-31$10.2626.06%$7.56-26.28%
20052005-01-31$3.4232.77%$9.57179.86%
20042004-01-31$4.3034.69%$9.54121.79%
20032003-01-31$4.3020.00%$1.12-73.95%
20022002-01-31$4.3015.39%$0.00-100.00%
20012001-01-31$4.3021.84%$0.00-100.00%

Monte Carlo Simulation (1,000 Iterations)

Mean Fair Value
$309.29
Median
$297.83
10th Percentile
$250.86
90th Percentile
$377.30

Fair Value Distribution

$211.47 - $240.02
46
$240.02 - $268.57
171
$268.57 - $297.13
278
$297.13 - $325.68
199
$325.68 - $354.23
136
$354.23 - $382.78
80
$382.78 - $411.33
45
$411.33 - $439.88
24
$439.88 - $468.43
10
$468.43 - $496.98
3
$496.98 - $525.53
1
$525.53 - $554.08
3
$554.08 - $582.63
0
$582.63 - $611.19
0
$611.19 - $639.74
1
$639.74 - $668.29
1
$668.29 - $696.84
0
$696.84 - $725.39
1
$725.39 - $753.94
0
$753.94 - $782.49
1